Scientific Sessions

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, resulting from the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary arteries that supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. This narrowing or blockage reduces blood flow, leading to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, or myocardial infarction (heart attack). The diagnosis of CAD has evolved with the advancement of non-invasive and invasive technologies. Electrocardiography (ECG), stress testing, echocardiography, and advanced imaging modalities such as coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide crucial information about coronary anatomy and myocardial perfusion. Invasive coronary angiography remains the gold standard for confirming the presence and severity of arterial blockages. Biomarkers like troponins and lipid profiles further aid in assessing cardiac risk and injury.

The management of CAD focuses on symptom relief, prevention of disease progression, and reduction of cardiovascular events. Lifestyle modifications—including smoking cessation, healthy diet, regular physical activity, and weight control—are essential first steps. Pharmacological therapies such as antiplatelet agents, beta-blockers, statins, ACE inhibitors, and nitrates play a critical role in controlling symptoms and improving outcomes. For advanced cases, revascularization procedures like percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent placement or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) may be required to restore optimal blood flow. Recent innovations in drug-eluting stents, bioresorbable scaffolds, and precision medicine approaches are further improving long-term results. A comprehensive strategy combining early diagnosis, medical therapy, and interventional care ensures better prognosis and quality of life for patients with coronary artery disease.